History and Current Status of Technology - 998 Words

History and Current Status of Technology I bet you and everyone you know has tried to talk to an animal that was a pet, and often times you wondered if the animal really understood what you were saying. Sure, the tail wags, the animal jumps in your lap or makes some sort of sound. Yet did they really understand what you were saying - or you them? Family or friends you know have tried to convince you they have trained their animal to respond to commands. And perhaps, often it appears the pet does have a clue as to what you are saying. However, are you sure? Did â€Å"fetch† really mean fetch to the dog, or did the dog just learn that when you say that word, it means â€Å"go get something to play with†? What if a device could be built that allows us to actually communicate with our pets, and maybe even our pets telling us canine things? Can we really determine what â€Å"bow wow† means? Will Spot know what â€Å"roll over† means without you having t o show him for the millionth time? A Professor Emeritus at the Northern Arizona University, Dr. Con Slobodchikoff, is an animal behaviorist and researcher who has spent a lot of his years trying to determine exactly what â€Å"bow wow† actually means. So, he has worked on decoding animal communications and like the fictional character Dr. Doolittle, Mr. Slobodchikoff believes he has determined the meanings behind bird chirps, dolphin squeals, dog barks and ape signs. Of the animals he has studied, Prairie Dogs appear to have the most complexShow MoreRelatedShort Summary On Artificial Intelligence1324 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant things that was invented and without it we would not have gotten to where we are in technology. This partly due to how large and imprecise the subject is. Artificial Intelligence ranges from machines truly capable of thinking to search algorithms used to play board games. It has applications in approximately every approach we use computers in th e general public. 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Importance of Security Planning - 966 Words

Importance of Security Plans William Kepke DeVry University SEC 440 10 / 08 / 12 There are several possible threats that can affect the integrity of any organizational network. Many of these threats can come internally from the users of the system. Internal attacks can be intentional, accidental, or simple human error. Some examples of accidental infection can come from a user opening an email containing a virus, installing new software, altering desktop configuration, visiting precarious web sites, leaving the area of their desktop without logging out of their account, or simply losing or leaving their personal wireless device unattended. Organizations should have specific policies covering each of these topics defined within†¦show more content†¦Power protection devices are used to safeguard against disruptions in power caused by surges, brownouts, and blackouts. One of the most overlooked areas pertaining to security is the disposal of equipment such as hard drives. It is very easy to recover information from a hard drive that been thrown away or donated, even if the drive has been formatted and a new operating system has been installed. Finally we must consider a solid incident response plan in the event that some form of emergency or disaster has occurred affecting business continuity. An incident response plan is a list of detailed procedures used to report, respond to, and recover from an incident. The worst time to start planning a response to an incident is after the incident has already presented itself. The truth of the matter is incidents are going to occur. The good news is the impact of the incident can be minimized by utilizing proper risk management processes. The main focus is to be ready to respond, or as ready as possible, at all times. For a business to continue to operate efficiently, it must follow written and approved guidelines outlining ways to perform various tasks and functions. 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Letter of Reconsideration free essay sample

Being an ordinary student, am also intimidated by others. Looking at their results, I also wish was in their state. From the visions and values taught by our school, I never thought of giving up even though others told me to do so. Not passing my preferred course which is B. S. In Tourism taught me to try different path and it doesnt mean that I cant take or choose other courses that are being referred to me but, to learn from my mistakes and to believe in second chances. Am willing to take any chances just to follow my chosen course B.S. In Speech-Language Pathology. Choose B. S. In Speech-Language Pathology because would like to help people who are having communication disorders I think being able to help and assist them will make me feel happy knowing that I can help people who are in need. Applying for this course entitles a lot of respect for others, self- discipline and strong concentration for my future patients and so I have this thinking that JUST will be able to teach me things required for being a Pathologist. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter of Reconsideration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -6 years from now I see myself happy because I love what I do, I love my job and being able to see my patients smile and recuperate with their disorders. I might be working here in the Philippines or in the other country, wherever God leads me to. Ever since my childhood days, it was my dream to enter University of Sot. Thomas, following my steps as a consistent catholic student.If ever I may be considered, I would be proud and grateful. I will show my talents to bring honor to my alma mater as well as being faithful to my future fellow Dominants. I am hoping that you will consider and grant my dream to be a Thomas.

Scientific and technical education for ESL students

Course Introduction This is an Intermediate ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course for ESP learners in their 1st term in their 1st Year at the Industrial Secondary School in Najran, Saudi Arabia. This course is designed to introduce students to the more â€Å"technical† aspects of the English language in order for them to acquire a level of proficiency in both verbal and nonverbal communication utilizing technical jargon and concepts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific and technical education for ESL students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The inherent necessity of such an endeavor is based on the subject matter of the Industrial Secondary School which consists of electronics, computer science, electrical engineering and general automotive design. This mixed curriculum requires students to familiarize themselves with a wide assortment of technical terminologies and processes which are written in the English language (Carrià ³-Pastor, 2009). Familiarity with such concepts is essential in order to properly apply the lessons that are to be taught to them. To ensure that students will have ample time to develop technical English proficiency, the course duration will encompass 15 weeks with an average of 60 hours of teaching. Each class will be composed of 25 to 35 students with ages ranging from 16 to 18 years old. Students have been classified as possessing a lower intermediate level of English and, as such, transitory periods will be necessary in order to ease students into the different topics that will be covered in this course. Overall, this course is designed to increase technical English competency and proficiency to prepare the students of the Industrial Secondary School to understand and apply the lessons that they will be taught. Overview of Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of this course focus primarily on the framework advocated by (Robinson (2011) w hen it comes to teaching the technical aspects of the English language to ESL students. This involves aspects related to understanding the context of the verbage, internalizing the use of technical terminologies, applying practical use of the terminologies being taught and lastly an evaluation of core competencies through writing, listening, grammar and speaking to determine the current level of understanding of the learner (Robinson, 2011). Through such methods of learning and evaluation, both the student and the teacher will be able to understand the current level of progress the student has in internalizing the lessons on technical English and where improvements need to be made (Bokor, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the end of this course, it is expected that the students will be able to perform the following: be able to read and understand text in technical English and respond verbally or orally to the prompts of the text Write extensive responses to a set of given technical text to the extent that the response shows a level of insight and clarity into how particular types of technical jargon are meant to be utilized is able to respond both verbally and non-verbally in a grammatically correct manner with technical terms and jargon lastly, the student should be able to converse with another student utilizing technical jargon in a means that makes sense, shows proficiency and the ability to contextualize what the jargon means based on the situation that the conversation took place in. Context and Needs Analysis The definition of the context for this course is based on the following factors: people, classroom settings, teaching resources, time, and the nature of the course. In total, the overall duration is set at 15 weeks and will held every Tuesday and Thursday from 9am in the morning till 10am. The course will be held at the Najran Secondary Ins titute in Saudi Arabia with all the necessary fees and expenses being paid by the students. A traditional teaching method will be utilized over the duration of the course involving a classroom setting which is teacher-fronted. It is expected that each individual class will consist of 25 to 35 students all of which have a low to mid intermediate level of understanding involving the English language. This course is considered mandatory for all students that which to progress to their second term at the Najran Secondary Institute due to the necessity of being able to learn and apply, both verbally and nonverbally, the various technical elements of the subjects that they will learn. Before proceeding, it should be noted that since this course is being taught to students who do not utilize English as their primary language then it can be considered as a type of Target Language development course under the context of teaching students how to properly learn, understand and apply technical jargon and phrases in the English language. Kishore Radha (2011) recommends that when teaching non-native English speakers the application of technical terms and phrases in the English language, it is important to gauge their skill level in order to determine what problems a teacher may possibly encounter and adjust accordingly in order to mitigate them. Other forms of analysis come from researchers such as Walker (2010) who indicate that another tool to properly teach ESL students is to implement an â€Å"in class analysis† based on a defined set of criteria to determine which lessons need to be emphasized or repeated so that the students can actually proficiently apply what they have learned.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific and technical education for ESL students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Syllabus The syllabus that will be implemented in this course is based on the work of Rukmini (2 011) which involves practical application and understanding of technical English terms and phrases. It consists of lessons which focus on understanding proper phrase contextualization, understanding of proper application, the implementation of proper phrase and technical term functioning as well as the development of language skills involving technical jargon (Boettger, 2010). Through the perspective of Rukmini (2011), he explains that the main difference between teaching a student proper grammar and communicative functions and teaching them the use of technical English is that former can be taught without having to teach students the exact meaning of a phrase while the latter focuses on deriving the meaning and utilizing it in the proper context (Balzer, 1982). For example, in the case of grammar and communicative functions, a teacher could teach a student how to identify proper and common nouns and utilize them in a sentence but the exact meaning of the phrase may not be entirely understood by the student as seen in cases where phrases such as ventilation shaft, gym membership, video card and other such technical terms. However, even if the words themselves are not entirely understood they can still be applied and the lesson is deemed a success. Teaching a student the proper application of technical terms on the other hand involves a much more meticulous process since they actually have to understand the meaning, context and proper application of the terminologies (Boettger, 2010). Simply utilizing it in a sentence is not enough, learners need to be able why such a technical term was utilized, what processes go with such a terminology and how to properly apply such processes. The reason behind this is connected to the sheer amount of technical jargon in the English language at the present which have a variety of contextual applications (Boettger, 2010). Understanding their meaning and context is essential in order to be able to use them in various scenarios where communicating in technical jargon is necessary.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is based on this that within a 15 week period this course will cover 4 specific topics, namely: Understanding Proper Technical Phrase Contextualization Understanding of Proper Technical Jargon Application Implementation of proper phrase and technical term functioning Development of language skills involving technical jargon These specific topics will be spread out evenly over the 15 weeks with a sequential continuity to the way in which the lessons will be carried out. This sequence will follow the following format: Introduction The topic will be introduced to the students with the teacher providing the context behind the necessity of understanding this particular lesson and how it can be applied in understanding the proper usage of technical terms Basic understanding In this instance, the teacher will transition students into the lesson by providing them a basic outline of the subject being taught Rudimentary Practice Session At this point in time the teacher will attempt to i mplement a rudimentary practice session where students attempt to apply the basics of what they have learned through oral presentations Rudimentary Student Evaluation At this stage, students are given a written and oral test in order to determine their overall capability in understanding the initial lesson that they were taught Lesson Review Once the results of the student evaluations have been returned the teacher will determine what areas the class needs to improve on and implement a lesson plan involving those specific subjects Advanced Understanding In this instance, the teacher will transition students into are advanced aspect of the lesson that they are learning Advanced Practice Session – At this point in time the teacher will implement an advanced practice session where students attempt to apply advanced techniques of what they have learned through oral presentations Advanced Student Evaluation At this stage, students are given a written and oral test in order to dete rmine their overall capability in understanding the advanced lesson that they were taught Lesson Review Once the results of the student evaluations have been returned the teacher will determine what areas the class needs to improve on and implement a lesson plan involving those specific subjects This specific sequence will be implemented for all lessons that will be covered during this course. Lessons on proper phrase contextualization, jargon application, proper phrase and technical term functioning as well as the development of language skills involving technical jargon are based on the understanding that students already have a rudimentary to mid-level understanding of the English language (Cervetti, 2012). As such, it seeks to develop the ability of a student to derive the meaning and usage of technical terminologies and phrases based on the examples provided during the lesson. Based on the work of Wilson (2011), it can be seen that proper phrase contextualization is an importan t component when teaching students how to properly utilize technical terminologies since merely teaching them the meaning of individual technical terms is useless given the thousands of terminologies that exist within the English language at the present. What is needed, Winberg et al. (2010) explains, is the implementation of a means of understanding contextual clues in order to derive the meaning of a phrase from its usage. Such ability is normally an inherent aspect of native language users but is not immediately present in ESL students. By understanding contextual clues and the usage of particular terms, ESP students become able to apply the use of terminologies that they do not have immediate knowledge of by deriving their meaning (Yagcioglu, 2009). This is paramount when taking up technical classes given the sheer amount of technical terms that they will be exposed to that will not be covered within the English class. Teaching Material The utilization of proper teaching materia l is an essential aspect of any course since it enables students to obtain a broader understanding of what is being taught to them without the teacher having to elaborate on every specific nuance of the subject. The use of textbooks as a medium for the process of learning technical English has been a predominant feature of the ESL curriculum for several decades and, as such, should serve to be an adequate means of enhancing the lessons that will be taught in class. Based on an evaluation of present day texts, the following have been selected due to their capacity in being able to teach the students of this course exactly what they need in order to understand the use of technical terminology. It should also be noted that these books serve as excellent reference materials should a student wish to brush up on their technical English skills in the future. The textbook Technical English: Writing, Reading and Speaking by Nell Ann Pickett, Ann Appleton Laster and Katherine E. Staples delve s into the proper use of technical English terms and their subsequent usage in conversations. While being relatively sparse in references, it does provide students with a significant amount of examples and situations that can be acted out utilizing various sample words and phrases. Not only that, the books comes with several exercises where students can learn proper methods of contextualization and deriving the meaning and usage of technical words and phrases from their use in particular situations. Lastly, the book has a rather expansive section involving the various methods that a student can utilize in order to properly understand how to formulate and utilize technical phrases on their own with having to rely on the examples of the book. While the textbook does have a considerable degree of content, it does have some problems in terms of the language utilized in order to explain the proper use of certain technical terms. The descriptions utilized to describe the processes can be considered a bit â€Å"too academic† which intermediate students in ESL may not understand immediately. As such, when utilizing the Technical English: Writing, Reading and Speaking textbook, it is important that teacher guided assistance is thoroughly implemented in order to help students understand certain instructions which they may not initially understand. It is based on this examination of the textbook, that what is necessary is the use of another English language textbook that has a far less academic feel to it. Instead, what is necessary is another course textbook that has simpler language and a more ESL friendly method of explaining particular concepts. This would be helpful in transitioning students between rudimentary and advanced lesson contents. To resolve such an issue, the textbook English for Work: Everyday Technical English by Valerie Lambert and Elaine Murray seems to be the most appropriate choice given its content which has a simpler tone and feel to it. Wh ile not as descriptive as the the Technical English: Writing, Reading and Speaking textbook as well as severely lacking in content, English for Work: Everyday Technical English does enable ESL students to learn gradually utilizing examples that are easier to implement with instructions that are also easy to understand. Unfortunately, given the sparse nature of the book’s content it would barely last 3 weeks into the overall course and, as such, can be considered the most applicable book to help introduce students to the proper usage of technical terminology while simultaneously transitioning them towards using the more complex ( ) textbook in order to help them fully understanding the techniques and concepts that the teacher is attempting to impart. The last book that should be utilized is â€Å"Teaching technical English writing† by Luis Valencia which not meant for the students, instead this book is to be used by teacher as a guide in understanding what practices are applicable when it comes to teaching students various aspects of technical English. The book itself presents a variety of lesson formats to prevent students from being disengaged from the lesson. For example, one lesson plan advocated by the book comes in the form of establishing a game so that students can get extra points in class. Such a tactic would supposedly increase their level of engagement to the extent that it would create more interest and thus a better understanding of the lesson. Overall, the textbook would be an effective book to utilize in order to help devise what sort of lesson can be utilized in order to teach a particularly difficult concept to understand. Assessment Plan An assessment plan can be considered the means by which teachers evaluate the performance via a set guided in order to determine whether they have successfully internalized the content of what was taught to them and can sufficiently apply it on their own without need for further guidance and int ervention (Ya-huei, Chao Hung-Chang, 2011). It is based on this that the following methods of evaluation will be utilized in order to measure the performance of the student learners Attendance Due to the mandatory nature of the course in order to understand the technical subject matter of the school, proper and punctual attendance will be necessary in order to determine whether students have been able to sufficiently internalize the lessons of the course. A low attendance score would be indicative of a student that has not been actively participating in the lessons and it is likely that they have very little practical ability in actually utilizing the course material. Testing Testing encompasses the five testing periods in which students will be evaluated. The first four will be prior to new lessons being introduced to the class while the last will be a general evaluation testing the class if they are able to apply all the lessons that they have been taught (Weiss, 1985). Due to th e nature of testing procedures which allow teachers to evaluate a student based on their score, this is the most effective means of determining whether a student has actually internalized the course contents. Classroom Participation Classroom participation encompasses the manner in which students have actively participated in the lesson that is being taught. Overall, this is the most abstract of the scoring mechanisms utilized in this course and is scored based on the teacher’s discretion. Assessment Plan Attendance – 10% Testing – 70% Class Participation -20% Mark Grade Description 5 Excellent 90 –100% Learning outcomes of excellent quality 4 Very Good 75% – 89% Learning outcomes of high quality 3 Good 65% – 74% Learning outcomes of good quality 2 Pass 50% – 64% Satisfactory achievements in learning outcomes 1 Fail 50 % Unsatisfactory achievements in one or more learning outcomes Appendix: Syllabus Lessons Days Ru dimentary Advanced Understanding Proper Technical Phrase Contextualization Week 1 – 4 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Understanding of Proper Technical Jargon Application Week 5 – 8 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Implementation of proper phrase and technical term functioning Week 9 – 13 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Development of language skills involving technical jargon Week 14 – 15 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Final Examination and Evaluation Course Evaluation Plan In order to determine the overall effectiveness of the course, aside from examining the number of students that pass, two methods of evaluation will be utilized. This will be comprised of student evaluations and observations from colleagues. Student Evaluations Student evaluations are accomplished via a student simply evaluating the teacher, the lesson and the overall level of knowledge they obtained from the course. Through such a method of evaluation the school will be able to determine whether a teacher is engaging enough or if the lessons being taught are appropriate enough for the student learners, Observation Colleague observations normally come in the form of a colleague observing the teacher while he/she is teaching in class and determining whether their performance is adequate given the lesson material being taught. This is often one of the best methods of evaluation since it enables an outside observer to determine whether the teaching style and the responsiveness of the students mesh together. Conclusion Overall, this course is designed to introduce students to the more â€Å"technical† aspects of the English language in order for them to acquire a level of proficiency in both verbal and nonverbal communication utilizing technical jargon and concepts. The inherent necessity of such an endeavor is based on the subject matter of the Industrial Secondary School which consists of electronics, computer science, electrical engineering and general automotive design. Reference List Balzer, H. D. (1982). Scientific and technical education. Bulletin Of The Atomic  Scientists, 38(7), 24. Boettger, R. K. (2010). Rubric Use in Te chnical Communication: Exploring the Process of Creating Valid and Reliable Assessment Tools. IEEE Transactions On  Professional Communication, 53(1), 4-17. Bokor, M. (2011). Moving International Technical Communication Forward: A World Englishes Approach. Journal Of Technical Writing Communication, 41(2), 113- 138 Carrià ³-Pastor, M. (2009). Contrasting Specific English Corpora: Language Variation.  International Journal Of English Studies, 221-233. Cervetti, G. (2012). Examining Multiple Dimensions of Word Knowledge for Content Vocabulary Understanding. Journal Of Education, 192(2/3), 49. Kishore, V. K., Radha, D. V. (2011). English for Students of Technology. IUP Journal  Of English Studies, 6(4), 33-40. Robinson, F. C. (2011). The Adoption of Technical Terms in Popular Discourse.  Sewanee Review, 119(2), 308-315. Rukmini, S. S. (2011). Quality Standard Document: A Practical Application of Scientific and Technical Writing for English Language Professionals. IUP Journal Of Soft  Skills, 5(3), 46-49. Walker, E. (2010). Evaluation of a support intervention for senior secondary school English immersion. System, 38(1), 50-62 Weiss, T. (1985). Sums Are Not Set on Erasmus (or, A Three-step Method for Teaching Technical Description). Journal Of Business Communication, 22(4), 51-57. Wilson, D. (2011). English in Technical Communication: A Study on Its Linguistic Features. IUP Journal Of English Studies, 6(2), 35-43. Winberg, C., van der Geest, T., Lehman, B., Nduna, J. (2010). Teaching technical writing in multilingual contexts: A meta-analysis. Southern African Linguistics   Applied Language Studies, 28(3), 299-308. Ya-huei, W., Chao, C. C., Hung-Chang, L. (2011). Poststructural feminist pedagogy in English instruction of vocational-and-technical education. Higher Education,  61(2), 109-139. Yagcioglu, Ãâ€". (2009). Vocabulary strategy training sessions in technical english courses. Ekev Academic Review, 13(39), 257-264. This essay on Scientific and technical education for ESL students was written and submitted by user Jace Baldwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.