History and Current Status of Technology - 998 Words

History and Current Status of Technology I bet you and everyone you know has tried to talk to an animal that was a pet, and often times you wondered if the animal really understood what you were saying. Sure, the tail wags, the animal jumps in your lap or makes some sort of sound. Yet did they really understand what you were saying - or you them? Family or friends you know have tried to convince you they have trained their animal to respond to commands. And perhaps, often it appears the pet does have a clue as to what you are saying. However, are you sure? Did â€Å"fetch† really mean fetch to the dog, or did the dog just learn that when you say that word, it means â€Å"go get something to play with†? What if a device could be built that allows us to actually communicate with our pets, and maybe even our pets telling us canine things? Can we really determine what â€Å"bow wow† means? Will Spot know what â€Å"roll over† means without you having t o show him for the millionth time? A Professor Emeritus at the Northern Arizona University, Dr. Con Slobodchikoff, is an animal behaviorist and researcher who has spent a lot of his years trying to determine exactly what â€Å"bow wow† actually means. So, he has worked on decoding animal communications and like the fictional character Dr. Doolittle, Mr. Slobodchikoff believes he has determined the meanings behind bird chirps, dolphin squeals, dog barks and ape signs. Of the animals he has studied, Prairie Dogs appear to have the most complexShow MoreRelatedShort Summary On Artificial Intelligence1324 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant things that was invented and without it we would not have gotten to where we are in technology. This partly due to how large and imprecise the subject is. Artificial Intelligence ranges from machines truly capable of thinking to search algorithms used to play board games. It has applications in approximately every approach we use computers in th e general public. 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Importance of Security Planning - 966 Words

Importance of Security Plans William Kepke DeVry University SEC 440 10 / 08 / 12 There are several possible threats that can affect the integrity of any organizational network. Many of these threats can come internally from the users of the system. Internal attacks can be intentional, accidental, or simple human error. Some examples of accidental infection can come from a user opening an email containing a virus, installing new software, altering desktop configuration, visiting precarious web sites, leaving the area of their desktop without logging out of their account, or simply losing or leaving their personal wireless device unattended. Organizations should have specific policies covering each of these topics defined within†¦show more content†¦Power protection devices are used to safeguard against disruptions in power caused by surges, brownouts, and blackouts. One of the most overlooked areas pertaining to security is the disposal of equipment such as hard drives. It is very easy to recover information from a hard drive that been thrown away or donated, even if the drive has been formatted and a new operating system has been installed. Finally we must consider a solid incident response plan in the event that some form of emergency or disaster has occurred affecting business continuity. An incident response plan is a list of detailed procedures used to report, respond to, and recover from an incident. The worst time to start planning a response to an incident is after the incident has already presented itself. The truth of the matter is incidents are going to occur. The good news is the impact of the incident can be minimized by utilizing proper risk management processes. The main focus is to be ready to respond, or as ready as possible, at all times. For a business to continue to operate efficiently, it must follow written and approved guidelines outlining ways to perform various tasks and functions. 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Letter of Reconsideration free essay sample

Being an ordinary student, am also intimidated by others. Looking at their results, I also wish was in their state. From the visions and values taught by our school, I never thought of giving up even though others told me to do so. Not passing my preferred course which is B. S. In Tourism taught me to try different path and it doesnt mean that I cant take or choose other courses that are being referred to me but, to learn from my mistakes and to believe in second chances. Am willing to take any chances just to follow my chosen course B.S. In Speech-Language Pathology. Choose B. S. In Speech-Language Pathology because would like to help people who are having communication disorders I think being able to help and assist them will make me feel happy knowing that I can help people who are in need. Applying for this course entitles a lot of respect for others, self- discipline and strong concentration for my future patients and so I have this thinking that JUST will be able to teach me things required for being a Pathologist. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter of Reconsideration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -6 years from now I see myself happy because I love what I do, I love my job and being able to see my patients smile and recuperate with their disorders. I might be working here in the Philippines or in the other country, wherever God leads me to. Ever since my childhood days, it was my dream to enter University of Sot. Thomas, following my steps as a consistent catholic student.If ever I may be considered, I would be proud and grateful. I will show my talents to bring honor to my alma mater as well as being faithful to my future fellow Dominants. I am hoping that you will consider and grant my dream to be a Thomas.

Scientific and technical education for ESL students

Course Introduction This is an Intermediate ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course for ESP learners in their 1st term in their 1st Year at the Industrial Secondary School in Najran, Saudi Arabia. This course is designed to introduce students to the more â€Å"technical† aspects of the English language in order for them to acquire a level of proficiency in both verbal and nonverbal communication utilizing technical jargon and concepts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific and technical education for ESL students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The inherent necessity of such an endeavor is based on the subject matter of the Industrial Secondary School which consists of electronics, computer science, electrical engineering and general automotive design. This mixed curriculum requires students to familiarize themselves with a wide assortment of technical terminologies and processes which are written in the English language (Carrià ³-Pastor, 2009). Familiarity with such concepts is essential in order to properly apply the lessons that are to be taught to them. To ensure that students will have ample time to develop technical English proficiency, the course duration will encompass 15 weeks with an average of 60 hours of teaching. Each class will be composed of 25 to 35 students with ages ranging from 16 to 18 years old. Students have been classified as possessing a lower intermediate level of English and, as such, transitory periods will be necessary in order to ease students into the different topics that will be covered in this course. Overall, this course is designed to increase technical English competency and proficiency to prepare the students of the Industrial Secondary School to understand and apply the lessons that they will be taught. Overview of Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives of this course focus primarily on the framework advocated by (Robinson (2011) w hen it comes to teaching the technical aspects of the English language to ESL students. This involves aspects related to understanding the context of the verbage, internalizing the use of technical terminologies, applying practical use of the terminologies being taught and lastly an evaluation of core competencies through writing, listening, grammar and speaking to determine the current level of understanding of the learner (Robinson, 2011). Through such methods of learning and evaluation, both the student and the teacher will be able to understand the current level of progress the student has in internalizing the lessons on technical English and where improvements need to be made (Bokor, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the end of this course, it is expected that the students will be able to perform the following: be able to read and understand text in technical English and respond verbally or orally to the prompts of the text Write extensive responses to a set of given technical text to the extent that the response shows a level of insight and clarity into how particular types of technical jargon are meant to be utilized is able to respond both verbally and non-verbally in a grammatically correct manner with technical terms and jargon lastly, the student should be able to converse with another student utilizing technical jargon in a means that makes sense, shows proficiency and the ability to contextualize what the jargon means based on the situation that the conversation took place in. Context and Needs Analysis The definition of the context for this course is based on the following factors: people, classroom settings, teaching resources, time, and the nature of the course. In total, the overall duration is set at 15 weeks and will held every Tuesday and Thursday from 9am in the morning till 10am. The course will be held at the Najran Secondary Ins titute in Saudi Arabia with all the necessary fees and expenses being paid by the students. A traditional teaching method will be utilized over the duration of the course involving a classroom setting which is teacher-fronted. It is expected that each individual class will consist of 25 to 35 students all of which have a low to mid intermediate level of understanding involving the English language. This course is considered mandatory for all students that which to progress to their second term at the Najran Secondary Institute due to the necessity of being able to learn and apply, both verbally and nonverbally, the various technical elements of the subjects that they will learn. Before proceeding, it should be noted that since this course is being taught to students who do not utilize English as their primary language then it can be considered as a type of Target Language development course under the context of teaching students how to properly learn, understand and apply technical jargon and phrases in the English language. Kishore Radha (2011) recommends that when teaching non-native English speakers the application of technical terms and phrases in the English language, it is important to gauge their skill level in order to determine what problems a teacher may possibly encounter and adjust accordingly in order to mitigate them. Other forms of analysis come from researchers such as Walker (2010) who indicate that another tool to properly teach ESL students is to implement an â€Å"in class analysis† based on a defined set of criteria to determine which lessons need to be emphasized or repeated so that the students can actually proficiently apply what they have learned.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific and technical education for ESL students specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Syllabus The syllabus that will be implemented in this course is based on the work of Rukmini (2 011) which involves practical application and understanding of technical English terms and phrases. It consists of lessons which focus on understanding proper phrase contextualization, understanding of proper application, the implementation of proper phrase and technical term functioning as well as the development of language skills involving technical jargon (Boettger, 2010). Through the perspective of Rukmini (2011), he explains that the main difference between teaching a student proper grammar and communicative functions and teaching them the use of technical English is that former can be taught without having to teach students the exact meaning of a phrase while the latter focuses on deriving the meaning and utilizing it in the proper context (Balzer, 1982). For example, in the case of grammar and communicative functions, a teacher could teach a student how to identify proper and common nouns and utilize them in a sentence but the exact meaning of the phrase may not be entirely understood by the student as seen in cases where phrases such as ventilation shaft, gym membership, video card and other such technical terms. However, even if the words themselves are not entirely understood they can still be applied and the lesson is deemed a success. Teaching a student the proper application of technical terms on the other hand involves a much more meticulous process since they actually have to understand the meaning, context and proper application of the terminologies (Boettger, 2010). Simply utilizing it in a sentence is not enough, learners need to be able why such a technical term was utilized, what processes go with such a terminology and how to properly apply such processes. The reason behind this is connected to the sheer amount of technical jargon in the English language at the present which have a variety of contextual applications (Boettger, 2010). Understanding their meaning and context is essential in order to be able to use them in various scenarios where communicating in technical jargon is necessary.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is based on this that within a 15 week period this course will cover 4 specific topics, namely: Understanding Proper Technical Phrase Contextualization Understanding of Proper Technical Jargon Application Implementation of proper phrase and technical term functioning Development of language skills involving technical jargon These specific topics will be spread out evenly over the 15 weeks with a sequential continuity to the way in which the lessons will be carried out. This sequence will follow the following format: Introduction The topic will be introduced to the students with the teacher providing the context behind the necessity of understanding this particular lesson and how it can be applied in understanding the proper usage of technical terms Basic understanding In this instance, the teacher will transition students into the lesson by providing them a basic outline of the subject being taught Rudimentary Practice Session At this point in time the teacher will attempt to i mplement a rudimentary practice session where students attempt to apply the basics of what they have learned through oral presentations Rudimentary Student Evaluation At this stage, students are given a written and oral test in order to determine their overall capability in understanding the initial lesson that they were taught Lesson Review Once the results of the student evaluations have been returned the teacher will determine what areas the class needs to improve on and implement a lesson plan involving those specific subjects Advanced Understanding In this instance, the teacher will transition students into are advanced aspect of the lesson that they are learning Advanced Practice Session – At this point in time the teacher will implement an advanced practice session where students attempt to apply advanced techniques of what they have learned through oral presentations Advanced Student Evaluation At this stage, students are given a written and oral test in order to dete rmine their overall capability in understanding the advanced lesson that they were taught Lesson Review Once the results of the student evaluations have been returned the teacher will determine what areas the class needs to improve on and implement a lesson plan involving those specific subjects This specific sequence will be implemented for all lessons that will be covered during this course. Lessons on proper phrase contextualization, jargon application, proper phrase and technical term functioning as well as the development of language skills involving technical jargon are based on the understanding that students already have a rudimentary to mid-level understanding of the English language (Cervetti, 2012). As such, it seeks to develop the ability of a student to derive the meaning and usage of technical terminologies and phrases based on the examples provided during the lesson. Based on the work of Wilson (2011), it can be seen that proper phrase contextualization is an importan t component when teaching students how to properly utilize technical terminologies since merely teaching them the meaning of individual technical terms is useless given the thousands of terminologies that exist within the English language at the present. What is needed, Winberg et al. (2010) explains, is the implementation of a means of understanding contextual clues in order to derive the meaning of a phrase from its usage. Such ability is normally an inherent aspect of native language users but is not immediately present in ESL students. By understanding contextual clues and the usage of particular terms, ESP students become able to apply the use of terminologies that they do not have immediate knowledge of by deriving their meaning (Yagcioglu, 2009). This is paramount when taking up technical classes given the sheer amount of technical terms that they will be exposed to that will not be covered within the English class. Teaching Material The utilization of proper teaching materia l is an essential aspect of any course since it enables students to obtain a broader understanding of what is being taught to them without the teacher having to elaborate on every specific nuance of the subject. The use of textbooks as a medium for the process of learning technical English has been a predominant feature of the ESL curriculum for several decades and, as such, should serve to be an adequate means of enhancing the lessons that will be taught in class. Based on an evaluation of present day texts, the following have been selected due to their capacity in being able to teach the students of this course exactly what they need in order to understand the use of technical terminology. It should also be noted that these books serve as excellent reference materials should a student wish to brush up on their technical English skills in the future. The textbook Technical English: Writing, Reading and Speaking by Nell Ann Pickett, Ann Appleton Laster and Katherine E. Staples delve s into the proper use of technical English terms and their subsequent usage in conversations. While being relatively sparse in references, it does provide students with a significant amount of examples and situations that can be acted out utilizing various sample words and phrases. Not only that, the books comes with several exercises where students can learn proper methods of contextualization and deriving the meaning and usage of technical words and phrases from their use in particular situations. Lastly, the book has a rather expansive section involving the various methods that a student can utilize in order to properly understand how to formulate and utilize technical phrases on their own with having to rely on the examples of the book. While the textbook does have a considerable degree of content, it does have some problems in terms of the language utilized in order to explain the proper use of certain technical terms. The descriptions utilized to describe the processes can be considered a bit â€Å"too academic† which intermediate students in ESL may not understand immediately. As such, when utilizing the Technical English: Writing, Reading and Speaking textbook, it is important that teacher guided assistance is thoroughly implemented in order to help students understand certain instructions which they may not initially understand. It is based on this examination of the textbook, that what is necessary is the use of another English language textbook that has a far less academic feel to it. Instead, what is necessary is another course textbook that has simpler language and a more ESL friendly method of explaining particular concepts. This would be helpful in transitioning students between rudimentary and advanced lesson contents. To resolve such an issue, the textbook English for Work: Everyday Technical English by Valerie Lambert and Elaine Murray seems to be the most appropriate choice given its content which has a simpler tone and feel to it. Wh ile not as descriptive as the the Technical English: Writing, Reading and Speaking textbook as well as severely lacking in content, English for Work: Everyday Technical English does enable ESL students to learn gradually utilizing examples that are easier to implement with instructions that are also easy to understand. Unfortunately, given the sparse nature of the book’s content it would barely last 3 weeks into the overall course and, as such, can be considered the most applicable book to help introduce students to the proper usage of technical terminology while simultaneously transitioning them towards using the more complex ( ) textbook in order to help them fully understanding the techniques and concepts that the teacher is attempting to impart. The last book that should be utilized is â€Å"Teaching technical English writing† by Luis Valencia which not meant for the students, instead this book is to be used by teacher as a guide in understanding what practices are applicable when it comes to teaching students various aspects of technical English. The book itself presents a variety of lesson formats to prevent students from being disengaged from the lesson. For example, one lesson plan advocated by the book comes in the form of establishing a game so that students can get extra points in class. Such a tactic would supposedly increase their level of engagement to the extent that it would create more interest and thus a better understanding of the lesson. Overall, the textbook would be an effective book to utilize in order to help devise what sort of lesson can be utilized in order to teach a particularly difficult concept to understand. Assessment Plan An assessment plan can be considered the means by which teachers evaluate the performance via a set guided in order to determine whether they have successfully internalized the content of what was taught to them and can sufficiently apply it on their own without need for further guidance and int ervention (Ya-huei, Chao Hung-Chang, 2011). It is based on this that the following methods of evaluation will be utilized in order to measure the performance of the student learners Attendance Due to the mandatory nature of the course in order to understand the technical subject matter of the school, proper and punctual attendance will be necessary in order to determine whether students have been able to sufficiently internalize the lessons of the course. A low attendance score would be indicative of a student that has not been actively participating in the lessons and it is likely that they have very little practical ability in actually utilizing the course material. Testing Testing encompasses the five testing periods in which students will be evaluated. The first four will be prior to new lessons being introduced to the class while the last will be a general evaluation testing the class if they are able to apply all the lessons that they have been taught (Weiss, 1985). Due to th e nature of testing procedures which allow teachers to evaluate a student based on their score, this is the most effective means of determining whether a student has actually internalized the course contents. Classroom Participation Classroom participation encompasses the manner in which students have actively participated in the lesson that is being taught. Overall, this is the most abstract of the scoring mechanisms utilized in this course and is scored based on the teacher’s discretion. Assessment Plan Attendance – 10% Testing – 70% Class Participation -20% Mark Grade Description 5 Excellent 90 –100% Learning outcomes of excellent quality 4 Very Good 75% – 89% Learning outcomes of high quality 3 Good 65% – 74% Learning outcomes of good quality 2 Pass 50% – 64% Satisfactory achievements in learning outcomes 1 Fail 50 % Unsatisfactory achievements in one or more learning outcomes Appendix: Syllabus Lessons Days Ru dimentary Advanced Understanding Proper Technical Phrase Contextualization Week 1 – 4 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Understanding of Proper Technical Jargon Application Week 5 – 8 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Implementation of proper phrase and technical term functioning Week 9 – 13 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Development of language skills involving technical jargon Week 14 – 15 Tuesday Introduction Rudimentary Practice Session Introduction Advanced Practice Session Thursday Basic understanding Rudimentary Student Evaluation Advanced Understanding Advanced Student Evaluation Lesson Review Lesson Review Final Examination and Evaluation Course Evaluation Plan In order to determine the overall effectiveness of the course, aside from examining the number of students that pass, two methods of evaluation will be utilized. This will be comprised of student evaluations and observations from colleagues. Student Evaluations Student evaluations are accomplished via a student simply evaluating the teacher, the lesson and the overall level of knowledge they obtained from the course. Through such a method of evaluation the school will be able to determine whether a teacher is engaging enough or if the lessons being taught are appropriate enough for the student learners, Observation Colleague observations normally come in the form of a colleague observing the teacher while he/she is teaching in class and determining whether their performance is adequate given the lesson material being taught. This is often one of the best methods of evaluation since it enables an outside observer to determine whether the teaching style and the responsiveness of the students mesh together. Conclusion Overall, this course is designed to introduce students to the more â€Å"technical† aspects of the English language in order for them to acquire a level of proficiency in both verbal and nonverbal communication utilizing technical jargon and concepts. The inherent necessity of such an endeavor is based on the subject matter of the Industrial Secondary School which consists of electronics, computer science, electrical engineering and general automotive design. Reference List Balzer, H. D. (1982). Scientific and technical education. Bulletin Of The Atomic  Scientists, 38(7), 24. Boettger, R. K. (2010). Rubric Use in Te chnical Communication: Exploring the Process of Creating Valid and Reliable Assessment Tools. IEEE Transactions On  Professional Communication, 53(1), 4-17. Bokor, M. (2011). Moving International Technical Communication Forward: A World Englishes Approach. Journal Of Technical Writing Communication, 41(2), 113- 138 Carrià ³-Pastor, M. (2009). Contrasting Specific English Corpora: Language Variation.  International Journal Of English Studies, 221-233. Cervetti, G. (2012). Examining Multiple Dimensions of Word Knowledge for Content Vocabulary Understanding. Journal Of Education, 192(2/3), 49. Kishore, V. K., Radha, D. V. (2011). English for Students of Technology. IUP Journal  Of English Studies, 6(4), 33-40. Robinson, F. C. (2011). The Adoption of Technical Terms in Popular Discourse.  Sewanee Review, 119(2), 308-315. Rukmini, S. S. (2011). Quality Standard Document: A Practical Application of Scientific and Technical Writing for English Language Professionals. IUP Journal Of Soft  Skills, 5(3), 46-49. Walker, E. (2010). Evaluation of a support intervention for senior secondary school English immersion. System, 38(1), 50-62 Weiss, T. (1985). Sums Are Not Set on Erasmus (or, A Three-step Method for Teaching Technical Description). Journal Of Business Communication, 22(4), 51-57. Wilson, D. (2011). English in Technical Communication: A Study on Its Linguistic Features. IUP Journal Of English Studies, 6(2), 35-43. Winberg, C., van der Geest, T., Lehman, B., Nduna, J. (2010). Teaching technical writing in multilingual contexts: A meta-analysis. Southern African Linguistics   Applied Language Studies, 28(3), 299-308. Ya-huei, W., Chao, C. C., Hung-Chang, L. (2011). Poststructural feminist pedagogy in English instruction of vocational-and-technical education. Higher Education,  61(2), 109-139. Yagcioglu, Ãâ€". (2009). Vocabulary strategy training sessions in technical english courses. Ekev Academic Review, 13(39), 257-264. This essay on Scientific and technical education for ESL students was written and submitted by user Jace Baldwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

HIS1030 EVIDENCE AND ARGUMENT Essays - , Term Papers

HIS1030: EVIDENCE AND ARGUMENT THE ECONOMIC CRISIS AND THE POLITICAL CRISIS COMPARED The 17th century marked a period of intense upheaval and instability for European nations -it saw states almost topple under economic hardships, mortality rates and subsequent political resistance to such conditions. Whilst academics have reached general consensus about the existence of a crisis in Europe at this period, debate continues today over the nature of this crisis. In consideration of this, I will examine two notable contributions to this field - one arguing that the crisis was economic in both cause and nature, whilst the other assesses the political overtones of the situation, and in doing so I hope to be able to demonstrate how evidence and argument can be constructed to create historical interpretation. As a Marxist historian, it is unsurprising that in his perspective of the general crisis, Eric Hobsbawm elects to focus on economic trends visible across the continent over the course of the century. He argues that methods associated with capitalism failed to take root in a feudalist social framework too premature to support it, and the subsequent social discontent and financial regression that came to epitomise the period arose primarily from this. Particular focus is drawn to the decline of Italy as a demonstration of the parasitic' nature of capitalism on feudal societies, as well as the impacts of the English Revolution in activating a healthy national market. The article presents a focused perspective of events as a crisis of commerce and economic decline that had far reaching implications, but were ultimately the starting point from which crises of a different nature derived. In considerable contrast, Hugh Trevor-Roper's account of the same topic shows little acceptance for even the basic fundaments of Hobsbawm's argument - he is openly dismissive of the classical Marxist interpretation of the crisis as espoused by Hobsbawm, and instead attributes the initial cause and proliferation of crisis to what he identifies as a breakdown in relations between state and society. In evidencing this claim he talks at length of the political events preceding the 17th century, most notably the rise of the so-called renaissance-state' and with that the extensive expansion of bureaucracy, which Roper claims to be the main enemy of the people who participated in revolt endemic throughout Europe. Whilst the argument does not refuse to place any emphasis on the role of economic downturn in the creation of a climate suitable for such revolution, it remains insistence that the general crisis was not one of commerce, nor production, but instead a societal reaction against the a buses of political systems which caused such economic disparity with European societies. Interestingly, in a published response to Trevor-Roper, Hobsbawm does not see the ideas in the two articles to be conflicting; he notes that, "in fact, our articles are complementary rather than competitive". However the extent to which this can be justified is compromised given that Trevor-Roper's argument rests considerably on the assumption that the crisis had a significant political component, which Hobsbawn does not seem to necessarily take for granted. He talks about the rise of absolutist monarchies across Europe as one of the sole indicators of stability within the crisis - a demonstration of political reliability in a period of vast economic uncertainty. The absence of a political crisis is certainly not visible in Trevor-Roper's account of the ineffectiveness of the renaissance state, whose excessive and universal polices of veniality placed great strains on a great number of European populations. However, in presenting this argument he arguably places too much emphasis on feelings of resentment towards the operators of the stat and does not consider that social discontent arose not through deep anti-establishment sentiments but much rather as a resistance against worsening economic situations. This is not to suggest that there was no antagonism - even Hobsbawm identifies that absolutism was reckless in providing financial support for insecure ventures, however I would personally question the notion of the deep and bitter divide between society and state that Trevor-Roper bases his article upon. In addition to struggling to find common ground over the very nature of this general crisis' we are also able to identify discrepancies on how the crisis eventually came to an

RESEARCH METHODS Example

RESEARCH METHODS Example RESEARCH METHODS – Coursework Example Obesity and Poverty al Affiliation Obesity and Poverty The term â€Å"case study† principally refers to the analysis of particular socialsystems and units. Such analyses have always been conducted to establish the vital relationship between obesity and poverty. High-income nations often have more cases of obesity as compared to either low or middle-income nations. For example, India and China, who have recently experienced a constant growth in their respective economies, have equally recorded increased cases of obesity in the recent past. It is, therefore, precise to conclude that the growth in obesity is often directly proportional to economic growth of various nations (Richards & Morse, 2012, p. 18). The most appropriate case study method for establishing the relationship between obesity and poverty is the use of questionnaires. In 2010, findings from the US census questionnaires approximated the number of Americans who lived in poverty to be about 15 percent. It was also es tablished that the rate of obesity in such poverty-stricken counties were less than that of their wealthy counterparts by about 35% (Richards & Morse, 2012, p. 15). In order to come up with reliable facts, specific types of questions ought to be asked by those who conduct the study to their respondents. Are obesity and poverty related? This is the most important question that all respondents ought to be asked by case study conductors. In this perspective, the organizers would be able to come up with outstandingly dependable data. It is the same question that Americans have always been asked during census (Richards & Morse, 2012, p. 28). As stated earlier, some of the most significant data, which must be collected for the effectives of the case study on the relationship between obesity and poverty are the percentage of the Americans who live in poverty, as well as the number of cases of obesity in the country.ReferencesRichards, L. & Morse, J. (2012). Read me First for a Userâ€℠¢s Guide to Qualitative Methods (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications. Research Methods Example Research Methods – Coursework Example New Coke. When the Coca-Cola company decided in April 1985 that it was losing out to its nearest competitor, Pepsi-Cola, it identified two factors which appeared to be causing this trend: the Pepsi-Cola product was sweeter in taste, and it was being marketed as the drink for younger people. Coca-Cola had been the market leader for a long time, and had built up a customer base among older people but it felt under pressure to reach out to the next generation and secure its dominant place in the marketplace. The failure of its campaign to replace the original formula with a new, sweeter one, teaches us two important lessons about marketing. First, the importance of brand loyalty must never be underestimated, and this is particularly true of brands which are iconic, and have a long and successful history like Coca-Cola. Secondly, it is dangerous to base a whole product design and marketing campaign on a reaction to perceived threat On the issue of the make-up of its formula, Coca-Cola us ed blind taste tests to determine which formula customers preferred. A better set of tests would have been a combined blind test and sighted test. In other words, Coca-Cola should have tested whether customer behaviour changes when they can see the name on the label. Many people buy the brand, not the product, because they identify strongly with thier favorite brand and are very upset if it is changed or replaced (Fisher and Stye, 1985, 1). Another useful research method would have been focus groups which explore why people are attached to Coca-Cola, or to Pepsi-Cola. The emotional connotations cannot be determined in simple yes/no questionnaires, and so more discussion and exploration in an open ended focus groups would have helped to understand the psychology behind Coca-Cola’s customer behaviour. ReferenceFisher, A.B. and Stye, R. â€Å"Coke;s Brand Loyalty Lesson.† Fortune August 5th, 1985. Available at: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1985/ 08/05/66245/index.htm

Past Affecting the Present in Death and the Maiden and Ghosts Essay

Past Affecting the Present in Death and the Maiden and Ghosts - Essay Example Such frustration is expressed many times in the arts and literature, which are the creative means of expressing one’s sentiments. This natural tendency to express frustration over the fact that the past always has an impact of the future transcends cultures and generations. Ariel Dorfman is Chilean, his play Death and the Maiden highlights this frustration. Henrik Ibsen is a Norwegian who belonged to an earlier era and wrote Ghosts, which also dealt with the subject of the past haunting the present. In both Death and the Maiden and Ghosts, the main characters of the story are all troubled by the past. Ariel Dorfman’ Death and the Maiden is set in country that has gotten rid of a despotic ruler after many years of suffering tyranny. While Dorfman does not specifically indicate what country this is, it may be safe to assume that the playwright based his plot on the experiences of the Chilean people in the post-Pinochet era. Whether he intentionally did or did not mention the name of the country, Dorfman managed to push his message across. The playwright knew that it was not just the Chilean people who experienced severe forms of oppression and injustice in the hands of autocratic rulers. Death and the Maiden is a play with only three characters. Its story revolves around the encounter of Paulina, her husband Gerardo, and Roberto, a doctor. Paulina was one of the many victims of a deposed dictator. She was part of the political opposition and was therefore considered by the dictatorship as an enemy. Captured for her political convictions, she was tortured and raped while blindfolded by members of the state forces. In the play, she recognizes the voice of Roberto as the doctor who raped and tortured her. She then attempts to take vengeance on Roberto. Gerardo, however, who takes Roberto to their home, tries to prevent Paulina from killing the doctor. Roberto insists that Paulina has mistaken him to be one who violated her, which Gerardo also believes. The conflict of the story can be found in Paulina’s assumptions and Roberto and Gerardo’s defense against it. Gerardo too despises the previous regime for its gross violations of human rights, but he believes that those involved in committing these should face a fair trial. Paulina, being a victim, has a more drastic and emotional approach to the prosecution of the offenders. Gerardo’s membership in the commission that investigates those who are involved in the killings under the regime is a contentious issue between him and his wife. Paulina is skeptical over the actual results of the investigations, which is what she means when she says â€Å"you hear the relatives of the victims; you denounce the crimes, what happens to the criminals?† (Act I, Scene 1). Gerardo knows that such issue could create problems in the marriage. When Roberto appeares, such issue of how the events of the past must be handled is highlighted in the ensuing conflict. In the entir e play, it is clear that Paulina is more emotional when it comes confronting her past. Although Gerardo himself is affected by it, considering that he is Paulina’s husband, he is not the one violated. It was Paulina who was raped repeatedly by different men who were part of the state’s security forces, including Roberto. It was her who was tortured. When Paulina already has Roberto tied and gagged; the tiff between her and her husband centers on how she considers Gerardo’

An Evaluation of the Impact of Sales Representatives on International Dissertation

An Evaluation of the Impact of Sales Representatives on International Business - Dissertation Example This dissertation is a qualitative analysis of the value of this method of business management. It discusses findings in the form of revenue and profit charts of the selected company, and analyses those findings in light of the restructuring of the company business policy by the incorporation of sales representatives as marketing agents. It concludes by presenting recommendations on the measures that could be adopted to improve the impact and efficiency of sales representatives across the world, by highlighting and studying the challenges that the representatives might face in the field. Through this dissertation, it is recommended that instead of relying solely on one technique of international business dealing, the multi national companies should employ a combination of techniques so that the limitations of one are compensated for by the advantages of the other; in this case, such combination would be that of using sales representatives along with retail and departmental stores for international business. ... †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 23 3.2: Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 3.3: Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 40 Chapter 4: Advantages and Limitaitons†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 43 4.1: Advantages of Sales Representatives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 43 4.2: Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 48 4.2a: Limitations of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 48 4.2b: Limitations of the method†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 50 Chapter 5: Recommenda tions and Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 54 5.1: Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 54 5.2: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 63 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 67 List of Tables Table Page Number 3.2.1: Revenue divisions of Avon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 3.2.2: Fourth quarter revenue and profit Avon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 3.2.3: Total and net global expenses of Avon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 30 3.2.4: Zonal revenues and profits of Avon†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..39 List of Figures Figure Page Number 3.2.1: Overall percentage trend in total revenue and operating profits†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 33 3.2.2: Percentage trend in total revenue and operating profits in Latin America†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 3.2.3: Percentage trend in total revenue and operating profits in North America†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 3.2.4: Percentage trend in total revenue and operating profits in Central and Eastern Europe†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 36 3.2.5: Percentage trend in total revenue and operating profits in Western Europe, Middle East, and

International Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business - Term Paper Example Toy industry is one of the growing industries of the world. It encompasses both electronic and non electronic toys and games. The global toy industry is not just associated with games and fun, rather it is dubbed as one of the hypercompetitive industries. The sector is characterized by secret product development practices and occasional indictment of corporate surveillance. Some of the major players in this industry are Hasbro, MGA Entertainment, Matteland, LEGO, Namco Bandai, Sanrio, Barbie and Steiff among others. In addition, the gaming hardware division sometime also comes under the toy industry. In this segment, Nintendo, Sony and Microsoft are the major players. The industry is driven by product innovation and strategic licensing. The reason behind strategic licensing acting as one of the key drivers of the industry is because most of the revenue of the toy industry generates from exporting or overseas marketing activities. On the other hand, product innovation is the only tool through which thousands of toy manufacturing companies differentiates themselves from the others. The surge in the population of children of below 12 years of age is playing a decisive role in increasing the demand for toys across the globe. As a result of that, the industry is growing at a steady pace. According to reports, in the year 2012 the toy industry was estimated to be at a value of 84 billion U.S. dollars. Out of the total industry value, around 20 billion is attributed to the US market only. Hence, it is obvious that in terms of total turnover USA is the leader of global toy industry. However, majority of the toys being used in the country is imported. Apart from the US, another major player in the toy industry is China. Some of the cheaper plastic toys that are found in stores, restaurants, daycares centers, fairs, homes and cereal boxes that are found across the globe are mostly manufactured in China. In terms of production, the Chinese toy industry is the largest in t he world. The industry generates billions of dollars and also employs millions of people across the globe. Hence, from the points made above it is believed that the scenario of the global toy industry is clear to the reader. (Source: Pierstransportation, 2012) In this report, a comparison of the South African toy industry and Seychelles toy industry will be carried out and do to the same, the study will make use of the different strategies and frameworks proposed by Michael E. Porter. Once a comparison between the two countries is drawn, the report seeks to provide a summative conclusion and recommendations pertaining to the caveats of investment and the business activity required to operate efficiently in that market place. South African Toy Industry Overview The overall scenario of the toy industry in South Africa is pleasant for the business owners as well as the government. The high turnover of the industry is playing effective roles in strengthening the national economy of Sout h Africa. The toys and games section witnessed a strong growth in terms of the value achieved. However, during the year 2009 when the country suffered a major economic downturn, the toy industry was negatively impacted. As per reports, the sales of traditional toys reached US$72.4 in the year 2009, thereby reflecting a decline of 3% from the previous year. One of the reasons for this is the shifting trends of consumers. The construction toys and activity toys accounted for the largest share of 18.5%. On the other hand, the sales figure of dolls and figure toys declined by 5%. In the similar way, the sale of indoor games also declined by 3% (Euromonitor, 2009). Furthermore, the recovery rate was also extremely slow due low spending of consumers in such products. As a result of that the industry is still in the process of recovery. The secondary research about the South African toy industry has shown that the country has been a major toy exporter (Hill and Jones, 2012). Furthermore, r eports have also suggested that the

Supply And Demand Chain In Music Industries Marketing Essay

Supply And Demand Chain In Music Industries Marketing Essay Since the inception of humankind, music has been significant to civilization of human race providing various advantages physically and mentally to every person involved in making or listening of music and tasting pleasure in doing so. Prior to 19th century, musical pursuit suggests attending live performances and playing of music instruments by people on their own at home. A soaring percentage of people involved in playing and singing by themselves and rest went to see the live performances in concert halls, taverns and music halls. During this era, the only way of recording music was on paper with support of some pre-programmed mechanical devices to play notes. This clearly shows that there was demand for devices which will help in developing and recording the music and can be easily distributed at listeners place. Before moving towards the process of recording and distribution of music let see how music-making is being categorised by society. Society has differentiated music making in two types i.e. classical music and popular/pop music. The classical music consists of well trained musician and pop music consists of untrained populace. The classical music suggest three large periods of music i.e. (Baroque, classical and romantic) where as popular music can be any modern day contemporary music. The basic difference between the classical music and pop music is classical music is also known as art providing entertainment whereas later only provides entertainment. Classical music has greater musical complexity and it is appreciated by older generation while pop music lacks the structural complexity for multiple structural layers but have universal appeal. Factor governing buyer behaviour Information on consumers potential behaviour becomes a strategic resource enabling promoters to anticipate competitors, improving the fit between supply and demand of music in the digital environment Quality Uncertainty Cultural goods are experiential goods in the sense that their quality may not be learned or measured even after consumption. There are no suitable parameters to make a claim regarding an unsatisfactory music album. When the quality is uncertain, people prefer what other people prefer. This represents the second feature of consumption in the cultural industries the presence of socio-network effects. Cultural-dependence Represents a way of fulfilling desires identified with highly valued life styles by consuming cultural goods, people express who they are and the social groups they belong. Demand Reversal Phenomenon Once too many people participate in a particular fashion, it ceases to be attractive, and the trend reverses. In this sense, the consumption process is cyclical, and the consumer segments may be influenced by the dynamics of fashion. This reversal process may also be repeated, such as when an anthology of Beatles songs, after being first fashionable, and then less attractive, may once again become valued as classics, experiencing repeated streams of consumption. Demographic factors Classical Music Willing to pay more for Interested in better sound quality Buy records as a package: not just music but notes, lyrics and cover art. Enjoy live concerts Prefer subscriptions than daily tickets Popular Music More interested in convenience Need flexible medium to listen Comparatively more fascinated discovering new music and artists Curious about the new phenomenon Consumer use music in two ways i.e. they own the product in the form of a CD/ DVD or use as a service, and listen to radio station or online. The listening of songs through radio station also used as promotional channel where the awareness is created and consumer is tempted to be the owner of the product. The market can be largely grouped into two segments: music owner and casual listener. It is possible for a consumer to be a part of both the segments i.e. customer being casual listener for some music and music owner for other kinds of music. When the casual listener is converted into music owner the profit starts coming in. Internet being a two-way interactive tool gives benefit to sales channel for downloading music as it is also used as a promotional channel. Consumer analysis suggests that adolescents and college going student perceived buying of CDs/DVDs as expensive. This perception exists due to mass piracy and copying, devaluing the commercial value of music and other reason being there is only one or two good value songs on the CDs/DVDs. The easy accessibility of technologies (MP3 player), digital downloading and CD/DVD writing has given power to consumer in-turn changing their buying behaviour. The music industry has drastically transformed in the last couple of decades, all credit goes to the increasing penetration of strong broadband connection, which provides convenient service to music lovers to download or buy the MP3 tracks or any music via internet. This technological change in music industry has adversely affected the traditional chain of high street music specialists. But in turn has resulted into heavy selling of physical music and DVD music online. This activity also lays the foundation for promoting digital downloads as well as the stealing of music illegally from the web. T he illegal downloading of music is the current major problem faced by the members dealing in music industry and the owners of the music. Downloading music illegally has not only started devaluing the value of music for entire generation of youth but also affecting the content owners in terms of their financial returns which is decreasing day-by-day. A huge challenges also faced by the retailers as there is a rapid ranges of price deflation due to free downloading of music by the new generation of consumers. While essential modifications are taking place in the music and video retailing as well as major upsetting among the specialist players, they are being provoked by the swift escalation of technology set up in the consumers place. With the influx of broadband connection there is a mass increase in the ownership for iPods and MP3 players. Other reasons for growth in online sales are due to the moving of supermarkets from food to non-food categories creating and continuing the huge impact. Thus, in this environment the challenges for retailers are to find different ways to cater their consumers for retaining their expected profitability which will help them to survive in this tough competition. On the whole, the music industry is facing an enormous challenge. A few of the most popular artists have an undersized product life cycle as the temperament of the industry has changed. Then alongside is the modern technology and broadband letting consumers to obtain classical and popular music at superior quality for free or diminutive cost during exchange of the MP3 tracks or file sharing. According to music recording companies and their representatives the massive and regular use of this method for obtaining classical and popular music has been a major setback for recording companies as this being the reason to their declining sales and profitability. Members and followers of the file sharing partly blames the commercial desire of the recording companies and indicate towards the comparatively great prices of DVDs, CDs and recorded music as the most important reason of consumers looking out for new and other choices. When we talk about technology it is clear that modern technology is here and will be upgraded time to time will become even more sophisticated in future. Numerous artists have problems and fail to get their music heard because of the governance of the quick buck super marketing of the present trim of top acts. Internet is the useful tool for the performers and artists and may offer useful resources for delivering their music to their follower all over the world. No matter what the point is? The music industry will counter the challenge of encountering the changed market place and how they act in response to such difficulties is going to be critical in their success and prolong development of music industry. Implications to Supply chain, Publisher and Demand chain The Music industry consist of performers/artists, labels/publisher, producers, manufacturer, engineers, marketing agencies. To realize all the arguments affecting each members of the supply chain, recording companies and demand chain it is important to know how music industry operates. It is huge and complex industry. In real meaning, a performer or an artist, is undersigned in a contract by the record companies to create an album or tracks. Then recording company pay or may pay for the produced albums to market it or manufacture the CDs which will be distributed all over the world. In return, the revenue is generated by the sale of the albums which covers all the cost incurred on producing the CDs and thus the income is passed to each member involved in the process. The music company are therefore smashing their business in search of providing a variety of music to meet the various range of tang of the consumer. For doing this, it is very important to manage the product portfolio sensitively as any action taken will have an adverse effect on cash flow. The music company has to ensure that there is a sufficient cash flow in the business to manage its liabilities. Almost every main record company will highlight the fact that they have dozens of other company that has set up under it or they have bought them. For example, The Universal Music Group owns: Jazz recording company Verve Classical recording company Deutsche Gramophone Apart from this the labels also has different companies under them which distribute conventional pop and rock material. Therefore, the market is dominated by five major companies sharing 75% of the total sales of recorded music all across the world. But to the fact, there are dozens of other labels and companies which are reputed as a individual entity but may have been under taken or set up by their parents company over the years. (Source: IFPI, Market Share of the Music Industry, 2008) The Problem The problem centres on several issues: Increase in piracy has affected the record labels severely as they experience a worst in declining sales. If sales are not official the artists are not bound to receive any royalty income from the sale of the music. The complexity of modern technology is also responsible in making of fake CDs which is again affecting the market of the music industry. Some artists struggle to get into mainstream as they are not signed by the major labels; they opt for the internet as it is potential source of getting their music to mass audience. Due to decline of CD sales physically, retailers of all size are facing the heat. Some smaller size retailers are complaining the difficulty they face in competing the larger stores as they have the advantage of providing the songs through downloaded music. The effects of music piracy has created the dispute for the record industry as it claims that piracy generates further sales but recording company wants to protect their monopoly powers by keeping the artificial prices high, and thus affecting the customer base. Other Problems The other aspects of music industries are also affected by the changing market in the music world. The method used by music lovers to purchase music is also going under drastic change as there is development in new forms of media entertainment i.e. DVDs and videos. Companies selling music have also come to provisions with the impact of changes taking place in the market. Amazon coming in on-line retailing made other companies like HMV, Virgin and Tower Records, which are the three major retailers to face the competition. Amazon also created the impact by providing the features like speedy delivery times and extensive range of stocks through global access. Digital distribution saviour of supply and demand chain in music industries The RIAA (Recording Industry Association America) forced Napster and other peer-to-peer companies to closed music sharing business with the help of severe legal process. The commotion was temporarily stopped but it clearly suggested that there is a need of such crucial products and services which will help in understanding the customers tastes and will meet their actual requirement. The basic objective was to re-organize the traditional supply chain for the survival and this was only possible by inculcating various digital distribution strategies. The content creators, content developers and marketers and retailers/ distributors are the three major players for the current supply chain in the music industry. Composers, lyricists, and artists are the part of content creators. The music publishing and record companies are included in content developers which are central to the industry. s are the They not only procure the musical rights, recognise and develop performing artists, record music in studios but also produce and distribute the music, advertise and promote music through various channels. The distributors consist of large national retail chains and recording company. 85% of sales come from record companies and larger national retail chains which are owned by retail outlets and are also high compared to record clubs and mail orders and online retailers which only account for 12% and 1 % respectively. In recent years, there has been a significant shift in the market share from unaccounted music to P2P music sites as the record companies have had a significant influence on the demand as well as the supply chain. Cost Breakdown of digital distribution (Source: Alternate digital distribution, G. Premkumar, 2003) The above cost structure proposes latent opportunities to develop the efficiency of current supply chain. The above table provides the breakdown of the costs involved using averages from various published sources. From this the royalty to composers/artists account to 12% as manufacturing cost is only 5% of total cost and costs such as labour, rent, and local inventory of retail outlet account for 35%. Meantime, the costs involved in retail outlets also account for 35% of selling price. The operating profits ranges from 4%-6% of sales in relation of price markdown and after writing off the inventory. An additional cost of 20% is absorbed in promotion and advertisement. The breakdown of these cost facts disclosed 25% of variable cost is comparatively small to fixed cost which is 75%. This is important because 60%-80% of music labels are meant to be flopped and they fail to cover the fixed cost. Most of the consumers do not realize that there is natural risk in this business and the suc cessful labels do only compensate the losses. Alternate strategies for Digital Distribution Distributing music digitally through supply chain can have a variety of strategies. The three major members of the supply chain are content creators/artists, recording companies and retailers. In order to ensure the success of digital distribution, multiple marketing and social issues must be solved instead of technological issues. Due to other restraint, concentrating only on supply chain will may or may not give the solution which can be implemented. Six different strategies given below are the suggestion for distributing music digitally. Recording company-retailer-customer Some consumer support this strategy as it suggests flexibility to produce modified CDs without altering the packaging CDs. This strategy introduce consumer to new artists also gives quality experience of music. This strategy is categorized into three stages as per changes taking place in the market. The primary stage consists of developing customized CDs and it advances to second stage where the assembling of CDs is done overcoming the in-store inventory problems. In the third stage, this strategy provides inventory less in-store and help consumer to recognize types of music they want, different artists, and can also create CDs. Due to inherent cost efficiency in this strategy, it provides benefits to Retail store operations. This strategy also helps recording companies to protect their copyrights. Record company-customer This strategy of direct distribution take advantage of eliminated retailers as it reduces the cost of retail operations for distributing music. Thus creating potential market for digital distribution between recording company and customer. Record company-intermediary-customer This strategy is also called one-stop shop. The consumer can get their music by visiting multiple sites at one place. Music from multiple recording companies is consolidated at one place by intermediary and this gives consumer to buy their favourite music at one place. Online retailers like Amazon.com can generate extra sales revenue by providing quick search facility and good system network to download music. Artist-customer This strategy creates the most efficient supply chain by eliminating the intermediaries and save cost in every aspect for music industries for distributing music. Although this strategy suggest expenses for artists in terms of direct advertising and maintaining the cost of the web site. It is also important to address other issues for the success of this chain. Artist-intermediary-customer In this strategy, an intermediary combines the artists and offers them services to minimise their search and information problems related to consumers also does expand the market reach for the artist. The intermediaries creates online communities with similar music interest also offers services like online reviews and provides email alerts to consumer for new releases and concerts. Thus they add value to this strategy. Audio-on-demand (AOD) This option helps consumer to create their own playlist of their favourite songs and can listen as per their convenience through internet radio stations. This strategy uses simple subscription model for delivering the music to consumer. A consumer can change their playlist as per their choices during the subscription period this will help consumer to get rid of old and few songs considering the ownership model. (Source: Alternate digital distribution strategies, G. Premkumar, 2003) Comparison of distribution strategies (Source: Alternate digital distribution strategies, G. Premkumar, 2003) It is thus necessary to educate the people about negative effects of piracy and protecting the copyrights. This is also critical for keeping the music industry healthy and flow of income and royalty to artists will encourage them to create new music portable devices. Internet radio stations require two-way connection with each consumer compared to broadcasting radio which will creates load on server and system infrastructure. These problems will be solved in future with the help of surplus bandwidth. Future of Music Distribution The above table provide the summary of merit and demerits of each distribution channels for stakeholder, artists, labels and publishers, retailers and consumers. Although it will be enticed to say which strategy is going to succeed in future, it is obvious that quite of them will survive in their own niche markets. The absolute victory of every channel depends on their relative features. A single feature that will induce the reformation of the industry is the dominance between the artists, publisher, retailers and consumers. As formerly stated, some of the big labels and publisher not only have control of creation, marketing, and distribution of MP3,CDs, DVDs dominating the market but also have substantial control on the artists. Boost in consumer power to copy the music files from P2P file sharing sites, which was abandoned because of legal actions taken by recording companies followed the closure of P2P music sites. But the impact of action taken by RIAAs did not stop launching of many new P2P music sites. Due to the risk of breaching copyrights, artists have started supporting the point of labels and publishers related to digital distribution of music. The above table suggest that the situation for retailers is on risk in future, they need to diversify their services to on-line retailing. E.g. ARKIV.com, NAXOS. Looking at the future of music industry the recording companies will influence the most to each distribution strategy as they will have proper control on incentives and disincentives for consumer to operate one strategy or the other. Various business models can work all together to give absolute supple to consumer when music is accessible digitally. As a matter of fact, the business model adapted by Naxos, MuiscNet is the mixture of strategies recording company-intermediary-customer and audio on demand which gives ownership and listening features to consumers. Conclusion The information given above provides opportunities for re-engineering the traditional supply chain by digitizing the music. The negative impact on members of supply chain, publisher and demand chain due to the illegal copying and downloading of music can be solved with the use of six digital distribution strategies. These six distribution strategies were investigated in terms of cost structure and the relative roles of stakeholders for the music industry. The major problems linked to the successfully implementation of each strategies were discovered and explicated. Bibliography and Referencing http://www.bized.co.uk/current/research/2003_04/011203.htm http://www.oligopolywatch.com/2003/06/28.html http://www.ifpi.org/site-content/press/20030909.html http://www.bmg.com/ http://new.umusic.com/overview.aspx http://www.emigroup.com/About/Overview/Default.htm http://www.timewarner.com/corp/index.html http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?fedsrfIntegrator=METALIB-SCOCIT origin=fedsrf view=basic eid=2-s2.0-3142691513 http://www.scopus.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/record/display.url?fedsrfIntegrator=METALIB-SCOCITorigin=fedsrfview=basiceid=2-s2.0-61549099931 http://www.springerlink.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/content/42g3531nv41u17t4/fulltext.pdf http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=393867/display/id=437587#hit1   http://academic.mintel.com.lcproxy.shu.ac.uk/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show/display/id=280587/display/id=326982?select_section=326984   http://www.anstendig.org/classical_vs_street_music.html http://stason.org/TULARC/music-genres/classical/9-What-distinguishes-classical-music-from-popular-music.html http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_pop_and_classical_music   http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5731.html   http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/4206.html

Science, Development and Humanity :: Science Scientific Papers

Science, Development and Humanity ABSTRACT: The formation of a new scientific picture of the world is connected with the necessity of subjectivity. This subjectivity posits no limits for the scientific aspects of cognitive processes, but embraces a comprehensive world of spiritual activity. To choose the most effective model of social behavior, it is important to have an adequate knowledge of reality (i.e., the objective regularities of the surrounding world). Modern science reflects the vagueness of reality and, in consequence, the impossibility of using classical approaches. Increasingly, the negative phenomena of the surrounding world reflects the complexity of natural and socio-natural systems, especially on the global scale. Restrictions of the classical approaches to this complexity can be overcome within the synergistic theories or hierarchical systems theory that are becoming more and more popular. The necessity of appeal to modern theories, initiated as the result of ecological crises, stimulates the process es of new paradigm formation in science, acting often in spite of the needs and motives of society. The role of scientific world cognition in the history of Humanity is not considered to be unequivocal. One must not overestimate it's significance in man's living being improvement, raising it's status, expansion of it's rights, but one should confirm the development of science only, and further more, the appearance of technical inventions completely changed the relations between the man and the world surrounding him, generating ecological crisis. On the other hand, the problem of Humanity future development is extremely complex, it's solving is only with the use of scientific potential. Attribute of Mind, giving a man the right to be crowning point of nature determined the direction of the Planet history development several centuries ahead. To great extend, rationality, as well as the science itself is the result of Age of Enlightenment and it caused upheavals in Europe and influenced further world development. The Picture of world during New Age was seen as if the event was determined exactly by the starting conditions. According to Laplas Principle of determination one could recall the past and predict future in details in case if one possessed the total combination of data at any moment of time. In scientific view of New Age laws of nature were given their own status, differed greatly comparing with the laws expressing models of relations between people, determined by the norms and values of religion and morals. Thus, Ch.Snow's mind, premises for existence of "two culture's conflicts" appeared.

Research Proposal Essay

I would like to write about a famous Arabic writer, Naguib Mahfouz. His poetry and works inspire me a lot and I enjoy reading his things. My father always used to read them to me, because his poems were true. Mahfouz always talks about the issues affecting the people of Egypt: generational, historical, religious, and political. Egyptians always have something going on. With his writings, Mahfouz’s introduces the reader to Egyptian reformers and modern and traditional characters as they change. We all know that as a country Egypt constantly reforms, even at an early age, Mahfouz has been able to capture hints of revolution. Mahfouz’s novels are stories of love, ethics, moral responsibility, and crises that characterize a culture that has had many changes. His stories talk about and describe the lives of ordinary individuals caught in struggles of identity and religion. His fictional work paint a picture of Egyptian Muslims that are ruled by their own culture, as well as those they encounter as a result of the outside influence of colonialism. This simultaneity allows Mahfouz to depict the contemporary Egyptian identity as both modern and traditional. In Naguib Mahfouz’s short story â€Å"Zaabalawi† there see a young man in search of the mysterious Zaabalawi, because he afflicted with a disease which doctors are unable to cure. Zaabalawi is known to cure illnesses, a holy man that has healing powers. Zaabalawi is like a mysterious figure that has some strange powers to accomplish the impossible. While in this search, the protagonist visits a variety of figures including a religious lawyer, a book seller, a government officer, a calligrapher, and a musician. Not able to find any definite answers as to the whereabouts of Zaabalawi, he begins to doubt his existence. Eventually, however, while in a drunken sleep in a tavern, he dreams that he is in a beautiful garden and experiences a state of harmony and contentment. He awakes to find that Zaabalawi was with him but has now disappeared again. Though upset at having missed him, the main character is encouraged by his dream and determines to continue his search for Zaabalawi. In this story the author uses symbolism to convey his message to his audience, that the quest to find Zaabalawi is a journey into our souls in search of the inner peace that inside us. Mahfouz uses a lot symbolic meanings, such as irony, that is why I want to write about this work. I have always been drawn to these types of writing. Annotated Bibliography 1. Aboul-Ela, Hosam. â€Å"The Writer Becomes Text: Naguib Mahfouz and State Nationalism in Egypt.† Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly, 27:2 (2004 Spring), pp. 339-56. – I chose Prof. Aboul Ela because his work because it’s easy to read and very simple, some of the other materials was a bit too hard to put together. 2. Naguib Mahfouz. â€Å"The Happy Man† ONE WORLD OF LITERATURE Shirley Geok-Lin Kim and Norman A. Spencer. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1993. p.46-p.53 – Im using this source because it’s going to help me explain other literary works of Naguib Mahfouz in this essay. 3. Modern Egyptian Short Stories by El-Gabalawy, Saad (trans.) (Najib Mahfouz, Youssef Idris, Saad Elkhadem) ISBN: 0919966039 – Im using this other source because of the type of writing. This book explains how Mahfouz writes his stories, and what he uses in terms of grammar and how he builds the story, symbolism and irony. 4. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mahfouz.htm – This source is going to help me discuss the state of mind of Naguib Mahfouz when he wrote his books. It explains how Mahfouz became a beginning of an era not only in the Egyptian literature but also in the Arab literature.He was always lonely, maybe that’s the reason why his writings were always kind of sad.

Turman Show Essay Essays - Bereshit, Book Of Genesis, Adam And Eve

Turman Show Essay Essays - Bereshit, Book Of Genesis, Adam And Eve Turman Show Essay Paradise Lost : The Truman Show & The Garden of Eden Cristof's creation and the Garden of Eden parallel on many accounts and throughout both the simalarities and difference became quite clear . The two worlds had many elements of utopian thought which makes both worlds perfect . Furthermore , that element , utopianism , would make anyone want to leave because through reality we learn nothing is real . Throughout The Truman Show , and The Garden of Eden there were many elements that had simlarities between the two worlds of utopia . In the Truman Show and The Garden of Eden we saw that there was no violence , no crime, no hatred , no destruction . An example of how The Truman Show had no elements of crime , hatred or violence was whenever something bad happend , it was all an act that seconds later was cleaned up . For example , when Truman went to see what was beyond there was traffic . Second later in the same place , there was none . In the Garden of Eden , the reason for no violence , destruction and hatred was simply because that there was only Adam and Eve . Adam and Ever were alone , no one to influence them .... so they thought . Another example of similarities was how Seanhaven was the perfect living environment . Seahaven had everything that anyone that doesn't know about the outside world would want such as : places to go to let out frustrations , places to enjoy themselves but more importantly they made believe that it was reality . The Garden of Eden has many of the same environmental facts as Seahaven such as the fact that everything that Adam and Eve needed they received simply because everything was provided . Adam and Eve needed nothing more then to kill or take what they needed from the society which in every way was perfect . The final part that had many similar elements between The Truman Show , and The Garden of Eden was the fact that both Seahaven and The Garden of Eden had one Lord or Creator . Seahaven had Cristof as its sole creator . The Garden of Eden as we all know is God who was the know all and end all. The characters , Truman & Adam and Eve , where persuaded by different reaons but never the less curiousity made them want to experience the joys of new experiences and new life they only dreamed of . In the case of The Garden of Eden and Adam and Eve the reason was that little voice in the back of your head telling you that everything is going to turn out better then how it started . In the Garden of Eden , the little voice just happend to be The Devil himself . The Devil persuaded Adam and even into going into the forbidden tree to eat some forbidden fruit . He didn't haveto beg and plead , he didn't have to make offers . All he had to do was say that its new , its exciting , its something you want . Truman had an influence , not quite like the one Adam and Eve had , but never the less an influence . His influence was his love outside of the show . The women he met for brief seconds in one of his shows has become the reason for being . Everytime he was on TV , she sat and watched with great anticipation . Especially when he was in the proccess of creating a composite picture of her so he could never forget her . Truman and Adam & Eve had one main similarity , that being the curiousity of living outside of the perfect world . Truman started to realize that sometimes with life you rather live through the bad only to know that the good is actually there . Its the whole reality issue where when something happends that is so good and keeps you so high off the ground that you lose touch with reality , imagine living in that world . That is what

Difficult childrens influence on married life Essays

Difficult childrens influence on married life Essays Difficult childrens influence on married life Essay Difficult childrens influence on married life Essay Some of the disablements kids may be diagnosed with are autism spectrum upsets, sightlessness or ocular damages, hearing loss, hearing damages, and deaf-blindness, developmental disablements, larning disablements, mental Illness, and a scope of other disablements. While any kind of disablement can be lay waste toing to a twosome, depending on what type of disablement All of which impact households in a assortment of ways and have different socio-cultural significance to the twosome. For many old ages, scientists have explored how parental struggles and other matrimonial jobs can impact the wellbeing of kids. Far less attending has been paid to the opposite inquiry: How do kids, particularly hard kids, influence the quality of married life? Couples face many challenges in today s society. Pressures to suit into the prefect cast of the happy household are plastered every where we look. Romantic comedies show existent twosomes traveling through break-ups and makeups looking comparatively cursed and believe it or non their job was a misinterpretation. Who knew? However, the twosomes I will be turn toing in this paper do non suit into the perfect cast Couples who have a kid with attending shortage hyperactivity upset are about twice every bit likely to disassociate or divide as twosomes who do non hold kids with the psychiatric upset, harmonizing to a unequivocal new survey that is the first to explicitly research the inquiry. The ground appears simple: Having a kid who is inattentive or overactive can be highly nerve-racking for health professionals and can worsen struggles, tensenesss, and statements between parents. The research subject is sensitive because it can be easy misinterpreted to intend that scientists are faulting childs for the matrimonial sufferings of their parents ; that may be one ground research workers have by and large avoided the subject and limited their probes to how parental struggles affect kids. But progressively, the grounds suggests that the lines of influence run in both waies. The survey, led by psychologists Brian Wymbs and William Pelham and published last twelvemonth in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, longitudinally tracked a big figure of households with and without kids diagnosed with ADHD, a upset characterized by inattention and hyperactivity and frequently accompanied by behavior jobs and oppositional behaviour. While 12.6 per centum of the parents of kids without ADHD were divorced by the clip the kids were 8 old ages old, the figure was 22.7 per centum for parents of childs with ADHD. Couples with ADHD childs besides tended to make the point of divorce or separation faster. We have known for a long clip that childs can be nerve-racking for their parents. What we show is they can be truly nerve-racking and can take to matrimonial dissatisfaction and divorce, said Pelham, who works at the State University of New York at Buffalo. What it means is ADHD should non be treated without affecting the parents in the intervention. Pelham said his involvement in the subject was piqued after he conducted a survey that looked into how kids s behaviour influenced the leaning of their parents to devour intoxicant. Pelham had a big figure of parents interact with kids who were non their ain. Some of the childs were trained to move hand in glove, while others were trained to move as though they had ADHD. The parents were given a interruption midway through the session, when they could devour intoxicant, and so sent back in for a 2nd period with the same kid. The parents thought the experiment was mensurating how parent-child interactions changed depending on intoxicant usage ; in world, Pelham wanted to cognize how covering with easy and hard kids influenced the leaning of health professionals to imbibe. The psychologist found that parents indiscriminately assigned to interact with the hard kids drank a humongous 40 per centum more intoxicant during the interruption than parents who were assigned manageable childs. Several old surveies have hinted at connexions between matrimonial wellness and kids s behaviour. Parents of kids with ADHD study less matrimonial satisfaction, fight more frequently, and utilize fewer positive and more negative verbalisations during child-rearing treatments than do parents of kids without ADHD particularly if the kid besides has behavior or oppositional jobs, Pelham and Wymbs noted in their paper. Many other factors influence whether twosomes stay together. Communication jobs, substance maltreatment, fiscal troubles and mental wellness jobs among spouses all play a function in the wellness of intimate relationships. The difference between those other factors and the function that kids play is that the other factors have been widely documented and discussed. Wymbs said that in a separate survey, he brought parents with and without ADHD childs into a research lab. As earlier, he assigned them to interact with kids who were non their ain ; some had been trained to move hand in glove, and others had been trained to move hard. ( The hard childs in the survey were nowhere every bit hard as many childs with ADHD in existent life ; ethical guidelines forbade research workers from developing child histrions to hit or shout. ) Wymbs had the parents and childs perform four exercisings: The first involved playing the game Jenga, which requires strategic thought and planning. Childs trained to be helpful worked hand in glove with the parents ; the childs trained to move hard undermined the parents at every bend. A 2nd exercising called for parents to supervise the childs work outing math jobs while they themselves had to make full out a chequebook, the sort of parallel processing that induces emphasis. The easy childs attended to their prep ; the hard childs refused to make their prep, scrabbling on their documents or wipe outing their replies and blowing the shaves on the parents. In the 3rd undertaking, the childs directed drama. The kid histrions ever chose to play mini-bowling and mini-basketball. The concerted kids took bends and helped put up the games, and the hard kids played out of bend and were riotous. The 4th undertaking involved killing where, as you might conceive of, the kids were trained to be either helpful or unhelpful. Wymbs videotaped the interactions. What he was on the sentinel for was non how the parents interacted with the kids, but how the kids s behaviour affected the manner the parents worked with each other. Regardless of whether they had kids with ADHD, Wymbs found, the parents asked to work with hard kids were four times every bit likely to interchange negative unfavorable judgment and inquiries, or to disregard each other and trade gestural shot, than the parents in the other group. And regardless of whether they were covering with easy or hard kids, parents who had ADHD kids at place were three times every bit likely to be negative toward each other as parents who did non. Put another manner, the parents of kids with ADHD merely had less ability to react to challenges with composure ; they appeared to be psychologically worn thin. Pelham said that although medicines are effectual in turn toing ADHD symptoms, they frequently prove unhelpful when it comes to parent-child interactions because ADHD drugs are stimulations, normally given to the childs in the forenoon before they head to school. The medicine is have oning off by the clip childs get place and have most of their interactions with their parents. It is nt advisable to give kids more medicine because it would maintain them up at dark. Several research workers said parents need to develop behavioural techniques to better get bying accomplishments. When you sit back, you can express joy at it, but in the minute it is phenomenally nerve-racking for the household, said Charlotte Johnston, a psychological science professor at the University of British Columbia, mentioning to the day-to-day challenges that parents of childs with ADHD face. Often the parents have different tolerances for fits. One wants to stand house, but the other is willing to give in. Now the parents are set up to contend, [ stating, ] You Lashkar-e-Taiba him make that? or You are excessively rigorous with him! Johnston teaches parents to acquire on the same page and follow three regulations: The first is to pare down their outlooks and to concentrate on merely one or two job behaviours in their ADHD kid. The 2nd regulation is the familiar parental technique of honoring all positive behaviour and detering negative behaviour, frequently by disregarding it. The 3rd regulation is to systematically lodge with the technique long plenty to see it work. Other experts said it is besides of import to learn parents to take clip to featherbed themselves and put themselves back together psychologically. Many parents do non take attention of themselves. We encourage them to make that even though they may experience they have no clip because of all their committednesss to their households, said Andrea Chronis-Tuscano, a psychologist who directs the University of Maryland s ADHD Program. One of our mantras is, If you do nt take attention of yourself, you ca nt make your best as a parent. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/02/AR2009030201787.html? hpid=smartliving About 60 old ages ago, I used to watch Roy Rogers and Dale Evans on Television. When I was six, Roy and Dale were the sort of heroes that I needed. I was still larning about the universe, and their show made it easy to state the good cats from the bad 1s. What I did nt cognize back so was that Roy and Dale were besides parents of a badly disabled kid. Their Daughter Robin had Down syndrome with tonss of complications. She merely lived a twosome of old ages, but Roy and Dale loved her and did everything they could to maintain her alive every bit long as they could. Dale was one of the first parents to talk out about being the female parent of a kid with a terrible developmental disablement, in a clip when most parents hid such kids. Roy joined her in stating people that Robin had been a fantastic approval for their household. They were heroes in more ways than one dorsum so, and merely like on their show, it was easy to state who the good cat s were.A Today, life is a batch more complicated. We have new heroes. In a few yearss, Robert Latimer s slaying strong belief comes before the Supreme Court of Canada. Repeatedly we are told that he was a hero for killing his ain kid, for saving her from a life of wretchedness. Peoples tell me that he must hold been compassionate, rational, and brave. Media experts tell me that he must hold loved his girl a batch to make what he did. I guess it s a new millenary and we have different sorts of heroes now.A There is surely no deficit of them. Michael Gentry will be sentenced for nonvoluntary manslaughter of his 15-year-old badly disabled girl in Los Angeles on July 6th. Possibly this excessively was an act of love. Oto Orlik stabbed his 14-year-old badly handicapped daughter more than 30 times before she died in Wisconsin in 1998. How many male parents could be that rational or feel for? Eight-year-old Justin Blair, who was blind and had intellectual paralysis was beaten to decease with a cock by his male parent in New Hampshire.A I can non conceive of the sort of bravery that would necessitate. There are 110 male parents, step-fathers, Foster male parents, and adoptive male parents who are implicated in the homicides of their developmentally disabled kids in our current homicide database at the University of Alberta. These heroes shot, scalded, stabbed, poisoned, electrocuted, starved, round, drowned, hanged, smothered, round and gassed their handicapped kids to death.A One male parent who was enraged because the infirmary would non give his kid the attention that he felt was required, threw the kid out of a 12th narrative window.A Merely a few instances get much attending from the media. Often the sentences are light. In 1984, Louise Brown s male parent killed her and so claimed that his auto had been stolen with her in it. The justice sentenced him to merely five old ages for killing his girl who had Down syndrome because he thought that her male parent might hold been traumatized by holding a handicapped kid. After all, he was no menace to society and a theoretical account citizen, merely another heroic male parent overcome with heartache, who spared his handicapped girl and his beloved household a life of impossible agony. The English tribunals were less forgiving when he came back before them in 1997.A They sentenced him to life for killing his brother by knifing him 63 times.A Dick SobseyA June, 2000 And it is nt merely parents of kids who have ADHD who appear to be more at hazard for divorce.A There are statistics being thrown out at that place for parents of kids who are on the autism spectrum as well.A It seems most people in the autism community are hearing these stats that up to 80 % of parents who have a kid on the spectrum will acquire a divorce.A Yet the beginning of this peculiar statistic is hard to happen as mentioned by Kristina Chew who writes a web log called Autism Vox. A So what is a parent to do of all this? A They are stating us that holding a kid who has particular demands can do emphasis for us parents.A Like Duh.A Tell us something we do nt already know.A Possibly what needs to be discussed are ways of get bying with the emphasis of rearing a kid who requires so much of our clip due to disputing demands and behaviours. A How can parents of particular demands kids trade with this emphasis and come together alternatively of interrupting apart? A A It is my sentiment that one needs to first understand that each parent may manage the challenge of raising a kid who has exceeding demands in really different ways.A I recall a conversation I had with a friend once.A She had a boy who was about my boy s age and this kid besides had autism.A My friend wanted me to talk to her hubby to seek to assist him.A She told me that he merely was nt acquiring it and would non open up about discoursing their son.A I was loath to come in such a state of affairs and asked her what I could perchance do.A She wanted me to give books to her hubby about autism.A I told her that this was something I could decidedly do.A But so she added that the books had to all be positive as he did nt desire to hear anything bad.A In seeking through my books I had a really difficult clip happening any book which depicted autism without adverting any of the challenges or hardships.A When I told my friend of my quandary she told me non to trouble oneself because she d id nt believe he would read anything on the subject anyway.A Clearly they were both fighting in their ain manner. While my friend had already dealt with accepting that her boy had autism, her hubby had non yet reached that stage.A She was researching everything in sight about the subject but he merely wanted to avoid speaking about it because he did nt experience ready.A I ca nt state you how many parents I have talked to where one parent hits the land running by making dozenss of research and obtaining services and therapies and the other parent may still be in denial that their kid needs aid at all. A This difference in where parents are in the procedure of credence can do for some really nerve-racking times.A Both parties can experience entirely in covering with things.A A One parent can hold the position that their spouse is making excessively much, over reacting, or passing excessively much clip with their child.A And the other parent can experience resentful for making so much of the work, experience entirely in their concern, and experience unsupported by their partner.A It is an wholly excessively common scenario being played out in families where kids with particular demands reside. A Rearing a kid with particular demands is non easy on a good day.A And it is even more hard if parents are non on the same page every bit far as credence, outlooks, and programs for the hereafter. A Here are some conversation starting motors to assist bridge that possible spread between you and your spouse in working together to raise your kid: A A What does the disorder/disability/diagnosis of your kid mean to you? A For some parents the diagnosing is confounding and some parents will deny the being of challenges.A For others the diagnosing means worry over the loss of dreams they had for their kid. A One parent I know wondered if their kid who was on the autism spectrum would of all time make normal things like go to the prom, autumn in love, or travel to college.A A parent I know who has a kid with ADHD admirations if this diagnosing will forestall his boy from of all time keeping down a job.A These concerns, frights, and significances attributed to your kid s diagnosing needs to be discussed openly between parents. What is your doctrine of how to assist our kid? A One of the many dissensions which may originate is in the outlooks of any instruction, interventions or therapies.A Some parents strive to assist their kid to go as normal as possible and fit into the mainstream, while other parents veer more towards accepting their kid s restrictions and doing adaptations.A This subject needs to be addressed early on as these differences in outlooks can take to disagree quickly.A What are our restrictions of assisting our kid? A There are some parents who do non believe in any bounds to assisting their child.A They will pass any sum of money, any sum of clip, and will put in any therapy which they believe will assist their child.A I know parents who have spent all their money, have lost their occupations, their friendly relationships, clip with other kids, and some finally lose their partner because no bounds are set on what is done to assist their kid who has particular needs.A These restrictions need to be discussed and agreed upon by parents.A Compromise is critical here. How shall we learn or train our kid? A When you have a kid who has challenges and knows how to force your buttons it is really of import to hold a clear apprehension with your spouse of how to cover with your kid s behaviors.A Professionals can be of great aid here including instructors, healers, and persons trained in behavior direction strategies.A How shall we split up the undertakings needed to outdo aid and back up our kid? A It helps to diminish bitterness if jobs and undertakings related to your kid s attention are divided up.A It gets particularly complex when both parents are working and are pressed for time.A Yet this still needs to be discussed because if one parent feels excessively stressed because they feel that they are making all the work so this bitterness will come out within the relationship.A A It helps to play to the strengths of each parent.A My hubby is better at making physical activities with our boy and enjoys it so he takes him on long motorcycle drives on the weekends.A I like to make more custodies on activities and to learn so I do baking and humanistic disciplines and trades with our son.A When do we pass clip with each other? A Probably the figure one thing I can state you to diminish emphasis within your matrimony is to happen clip to be with each other without kids. A You might experience selfish or even guilty for disbursement clip off but I am stating you that it is necessary.A It is deserving every penny to engage a baby-sitter on a regular footing or happen some kind of reprieve so that you can acquire a break.A Join a gym, travel for a walk, have a repast together, anything which rejuvenates you both.A It ca nt be all about the childs or you will lose your relationship with your spouse.A Make the clip for yourselves and the whole household benefits as you will hold more energy and staying power for when you are with your child.A It does no good for anyone if you are wholly burned out and stressed out.A Remember the old proverb, If mamma ( or dad ) ai nt happy so cipher is happy. A How true that is! hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthcentral.com/adhd/c/849319/63213/child-adhd-divorce